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What is Global Warming?
Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from Earth. This is a type of greenhouse effect.Is the Temperature Really Changing?
Yes! As everyone has heard from the media, recent years have consistently been the warmest in hundreds and possibly thousands of years. But that might be a temporary fluctuation, right? To see that it probably isn't, the next graph shows the average temperature in the Northern Hemisphere as determined from many sources, carefully combined, such as tree rings, corals, human records, etc.
What causes global warming?
Where does greenhouse gas pollution come from?
Greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere in many ways, including through the burning of fossil fuels (such as coal and petroleum) and by deforestation. As some environments warm (e.g. the Arctic tundra) they also release carbon that may have been stored for thousands of years.
Burning fossil fuels
Most of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions come from the burning of fossil fuels for energy (e.g. for electricity and transport). When oil, gas or coal burns, carbon contained within it combines with oxygen in the air to create carbon dioxide.
Australia’s electricity-related emissions are high because we rely primarily (77%)1 on coal for electricity generation and coal is the most greenhouse-intensive fuel.
Deforestation: burning and removing vegetation
All plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen, which is why they are sometimes referred to as carbon “sinks”. This process is called photosynthesis.
When land is cleared and trees or vegetation removed or burnt, the stored carbon is converted back into carbon dioxide.
Before European settlement in 1788, forest and woodlands covered 54% of Australia. This has now been reduced to 42%, mainly through landclearing2.
Farming
Animals, particularly sheep and cattle, produce large amounts of methane. Some fertilisers also release nitrous oxide, which is another greenhouse gas.
Waste breakdown
Carbon dioxide and methane are released during the decay of food, vegetation and paper dumped in landfills. The same thing occurs when sewage wastes break down.
Industry
Many industrial processes, such as cement production, liquid natural gasproduction and coal mining, produce or emit a variety of greenhouse gases.
Greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere in many ways, including through the burning of fossil fuels (such as coal and petroleum) and by deforestation. As some environments warm (e.g. the Arctic tundra) they also release carbon that may have been stored for thousands of years.
Burning fossil fuels
Most of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions come from the burning of fossil fuels for energy (e.g. for electricity and transport). When oil, gas or coal burns, carbon contained within it combines with oxygen in the air to create carbon dioxide.
Australia’s electricity-related emissions are high because we rely primarily (77%)1 on coal for electricity generation and coal is the most greenhouse-intensive fuel.
Deforestation: burning and removing vegetation
All plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen, which is why they are sometimes referred to as carbon “sinks”. This process is called photosynthesis.
When land is cleared and trees or vegetation removed or burnt, the stored carbon is converted back into carbon dioxide.
Before European settlement in 1788, forest and woodlands covered 54% of Australia. This has now been reduced to 42%, mainly through landclearing2.
Farming
Animals, particularly sheep and cattle, produce large amounts of methane. Some fertilisers also release nitrous oxide, which is another greenhouse gas.
Waste breakdown
Carbon dioxide and methane are released during the decay of food, vegetation and paper dumped in landfills. The same thing occurs when sewage wastes break down.
Industry
Many industrial processes, such as cement production, liquid natural gasproduction and coal mining, produce or emit a variety of greenhouse gases.
How to prevent Global Warming ?
1. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Do your part to reduce waste by choosingreusable products instead of disposables. Buying products with minimal packaging (including the economy size when that makes sense for you) will help to reduce waste. And whenever you can, recyclepaper, plastic, newspaper, glass andaluminum cans. If there isn't a recycling program at your workplace, school, or in your community, ask about starting one. By recycling half of your household waste, you can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.
2. Use Less Heat and Air Conditioning
Adding insulation to your walls and attic, and installing weather stripping or caulking around doors and windows can lower your heating costs more than 25 percent, by reducing the amount of energy you need to heat and cool your home.
Turn down the heat while you're sleeping at night or away during the day, and keep temperatures moderate at all times. Setting your thermostat just 2 degrees lower in winter and higher in summer could save about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide each year.
3. Change a Light Bulb
Wherever practical, replace regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. Replacing just one 60-watt incandescent light bulb with a CFL will save you $30 over the life of the bulb. CFLs also last 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, use two-thirds less energy, and give off 70 percent less heat.
5. Buy Energy-Efficient Products
When it's time to buy a new car, choose one that offers good gas mileage. Home appliancesnow come in a range of energy-efficient models, and compact florescent bulbs are designed to provide more natural-looking light while using far less energy than standard light bulbs.
Avoid products that come with excess packaging, especially molded plastic and other packaging that can't be recycled. If you reduce your household garbage by 10 percent, you can save 1,200 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.
6. Use Less Hot Water
Set your water heater at 120 degrees to save energy, and wrap it in an insulating blanket if it is more than 5 years old. Buy low-flow showerheads to save hot water and about 350 pounds of carbon dioxide yearly. Wash your clothes in warm or cold water to reduce your use of hot water and the energy required to produce it. That change alone can save at least 500 pounds of carbon dioxide annually in most households. Use the energy-saving settings on yourdishwasher and let the dishes air-dry.
7. Use the "Off" Switch
Save electricity and reduce global warming by turning off lights when you leave a room, and using only as much light as you need. And remember to turn off your television, video player, stereo and computer when you're not using them.
It's also a good idea to turn off the water when you're not using it. While brushing your teeth,shampooing the dog or washing your car, turn off the water until you actually need it for rinsing. You'll reduce your water bill and help to conserve a vital resource.
8. Plant a Tree
If you have the means to plant a tree, start digging. During photosynthesis, trees and other plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. They are an integral part of the natural atmospheric exchange cycle here on Earth, but there are too few of them to fully counter the increases in carbon dioxide caused by automobile traffic, manufacturing and other human activities. A single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon dioxide during its lifetime.
9. Get a Report Card from Your Utility Company
Many utility companies provide free home energy audits to help consumers identify areas in their homes that may not be energy efficient. In addition, many utility companies offer rebate programs to help pay for the cost of energy-efficient upgrades.
10. Encourage Others to Conserve
Share information about recycling and energy conservation with your friends, neighbors and co-workers, and take opportunities to encourage public officials to establish programs and policies that are good for the environment.
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